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H5N1 avian influenza in children

Ahmet Faik Oner1, Nazim Dogan, Viktor Gasimov

  • 1Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 17, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Avian influenza (H5N1) in children has a high fatality rate, but early treatment with oseltamivir and symptoms like rhinorrhea improve survival. Prompt medical care is crucial for better outcomes in pediatric H5N1 cases.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Avian influenza (H5N1) remains a significant human health threat with pandemic potential.
  • Understanding H5N1 clinical presentation and prognosis in children is vital for effective management.
  • Pediatric H5N1 cases require specific diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical presentation and prognostic factors for survival in pediatric H5N1 infection.
  • To identify key indicators influencing outcomes in children diagnosed with H5N1.
  • To evaluate the impact of treatment timing and specific symptoms on pediatric H5N1 mortality.

Main Methods:

  • A global patient registry was utilized for systematic data collection on confirmed H5N1 pediatric cases.
  • Clinical, exposure, treatment, and outcomes data were analyzed.
  • Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to determine prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • Data from 193 children across 13 countries revealed a 48.7% case fatality rate (CFR) for H5N1.
  • Children aged ≤5 years had the lowest CFR and received faster treatment.
  • Rhinorrhea was associated with a 76% reduced likelihood of death; delayed oseltamivir treatment increased mortality risk by 75% per day.

Conclusions:

  • Rhinorrhea indicates a better prognosis for pediatric H5N1 patients, with most surviving.
  • Early initiation of oseltamivir treatment significantly improves survival chances in children.
  • Prompt medical intervention and symptom recognition are critical for managing H5N1 in pediatric populations.
Abstract

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