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Anabolic steroid effects on immune function: differences between analogues.

C L Mendenhall1, C J Grossman, G A Roselle

  • 1Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220.

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Chronic anabolic steroid use can alter immune function. While initially immunosuppressive, certain steroids with structural changes stimulate immunity by day 10, linked to testosterone release.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chronic anabolic steroid use is linked to potential adverse immunologic effects.
  • Understanding these immune alterations is crucial for assessing the health risks associated with steroid abuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunologic effects of chronic administration of five different anabolic steroids in male rats.
  • To determine if structural differences in steroids influence their impact on the immune system.
  • To explore the relationship between anabolic steroids, immune response, and testosterone levels.

Main Methods:

  • Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered five distinct anabolic steroids (testosterone, testosterone propionate, testolactone, oxandrolone, stanozolol) subcutaneously daily at 1.1 mg/kg for 10 days.

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  • Immune response was assessed using skin-test reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
  • Serum testosterone levels were measured, and the effect of castration was evaluated in relation to oxandrolone treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • All tested anabolic steroids induced significant immunosuppression after five days of treatment.
    • By day 10, testolactone, oxandrolone, and stanozolol demonstrated immuno-stimulation.
    • Oxandrolone treatment suppressed serum testosterone levels, an effect abolished by castration, suggesting a link to gonadal function.

    Conclusions:

    • Anabolic steroids can induce significant immune alterations, exhibiting initial immunosuppression followed by immuno-stimulation with specific structural modifications.
    • The observed immune changes appear to be associated with altered gonadal testosterone release.
    • Steroid-induced immune modulation is dependent on the structural integrity of the steroid nucleus.