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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
Equations of Wave Motion01:02

Equations of Wave Motion

Mathematically, the motion of a wave can be studied using a wavefunction. Consider a string oscillating up and down in simple harmonic motion, having a period T. The wave on the string is sinusoidal and is translated in the positive x-direction as time progresses. Sine is a function of the angle θ, oscillating between +A and −A and repeating every 2π radians. To construct a wave model, the ratio of the angle θ and the position x is considered.
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
08:54

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Published on: February 13, 2018

Analyzing the coda from correlating scattered surface waves.

T Dylan Mikesell1, Kasper van Wijk, Thomas E Blum

  • 1Physical Acoustics Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA. dmikesell@cgiss.boisestate.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates Rayleigh wave scattering accuracy using interferometry. Wave field correlations reveal scatterer locations and contributions to wave coda, confirming theoretical predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Seismology
  • Wave physics

Background:

  • Accurate estimation of scattered waves is crucial for understanding seismic wave propagation.
  • Interferometric methods offer a way to analyze complex wave fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the accuracy of scattered Rayleigh waves using an interferometric method.
  • To analyze the relationship between wave field correlations and scatterer properties.

Main Methods:

  • Summing cross-correlations of measured wave fields around scatterers.
  • Utilizing the Green's function to account for direct and scattered waves (coda).

Main Results:

  • Correlations provide insights into scatterer locations and their contribution to the coda.
  • Confirmed a constant-time arrival in correlations, consistent with the generalized optical theorem.

Conclusions:

  • The interferometric method accurately estimates scattered Rayleigh waves.
  • Wave field correlations are a powerful tool for characterizing seismic scatterers.