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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

Polymyalgia rheumatica in 2011.

Alessandra Soriano1, Raffaele Landolfi, Raffaele Manna

  • 1Clinical Autoimmunity Unit - Periodic Fever Research Centre, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F. Vito N1, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|March 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory condition causing pain and stiffness in older adults. Management involves steroids, with potential side effects and resistance, necessitating steroid-sparing agents.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) is a common inflammatory rheumatic disease in individuals over 50.
  • It presents with shoulder and pelvic girdle pain and morning stiffness.
  • PMR can occur independently or alongside giant cell arteritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical patterns, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies for Polymyalgia Rheumatica.
  • To highlight the role of imaging in identifying subclinical vasculitis.
  • To discuss management challenges including steroid side effects and resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations and imaging findings in PMR.
  • Analysis of pathogenetic factors including genetic and environmental influences.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic approaches for PMR management.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical vasculitis is present in at least one-third of PMR patients, potentially leading to ischemic complications.
  • PMR is considered polygenic, with viral or bacterial triggers implicated in its pathogenesis.
  • Steroid therapy is effective but associated with side effects and potential glucocorticoid resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing PMR therapy may involve steroid-sparing agents.
  • Modified-release prednisone can be used for nighttime replacement therapy.
  • Understanding PMR's diverse clinical patterns and pathogenetic factors is crucial for effective management.