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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Using Motion Capture Technology in the Instrumented Timed Up and Go Test to Detect the Risk of Falling in Aged Adults
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Using Motion Capture Technology in the Instrumented Timed Up and Go Test to Detect the Risk of Falling in Aged Adults

Published on: October 25, 2024

Age variability in pediatric injuries from falls.

Purnima Unni1, Matthew Ryan Locklair, Stephen E Morrow

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Trauma Program, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. purnima.unni@vanderbilt.edu

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|March 20, 2012
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Summary

Falls are the leading cause of pediatric trauma admissions. Injury prevention education must be tailored to specific age groups to effectively reduce fall-related injuries in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric trauma
  • Injury prevention science
  • Public health

Background:

  • Falls represent a significant cause of pediatric admissions to trauma centers.
  • Understanding the specific circumstances of fall-related injuries is crucial for effective prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze pediatric fall-related injuries by age group.
  • To inform age-appropriate injury prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of trauma registry data from October 2006 to April 2009.
  • Inclusion of 675 pediatric patients (under 15 years) admitted for fall-related injuries.
  • Detailed review of injury mechanism specifics from medical records.

Main Results:

  • Falls accounted for 37% of all admissions, making them the leading cause.
  • The majority of injuries (73%) occurred in children aged 1–9 years.
  • Infants (8% of cases) experienced disproportionately severe injuries, with a higher mean Injury Severity Score.

Conclusions:

  • High incidence of pediatric falls necessitates targeted injury prevention education.
  • Prevention efforts must be age-specific in focus, audience, and setting.
  • Recommendations for age-appropriate fall injury prevention are provided.