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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Bone morphogenetic proteins and degenerative disk disease.

Khoi D Than1, Shayan U Rahman, Monique J Vanaman

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5338, USA.

Neurosurgery
|March 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) show promise for treating degenerative disk disease (DDD). Research indicates BMPs can reverse DDD findings, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for back pain.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury
07:25

Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury

Published on: May 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.
  • BMPs play a vital role in intervertebral disk (IVD) development and maintenance.
  • Degenerative disk disease (DDD) research increasingly focuses on BMPs and their therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between BMPs and DDD.
  • To examine the potential of BMPs as a treatment for diskogenic back pain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of US National Library of Medicine and NIH databases.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies on animal and human IVDs.
  • Evaluation of BMP-2, BMP-7, simvastatin, and LIM mineralization protein-1 effects.

Main Results:

  • BMP-2 and BMP-7 are upregulated in aging and injured IVDs, indicating an anabolic response.
  • Direct BMP-2 administration to IVD cells boosts extracellular matrix production.
  • Upregulation of the BMP pathway and BMP gene delivery reversed DDD indicators.

Conclusions:

  • BMPs demonstrate a promising future for treating DDD.
  • Further research is needed to optimize BMP delivery and efficacy in humans.