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Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid autoantigens and human T cell responses.

N Fukuma1, S M McLachlan, B Rapoport

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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T cells from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease showed limited proliferation to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin. Specific antigen presentation by autologous cells in microcultures was necessary for T cell response in some patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, involve immune system attacks on the thyroid gland.
  • Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin are key autoantigens targeted in these conditions.
  • Understanding T cell responses to these autoantigens is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the proliferative capacity of T cells from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases in response to TPO and thyroglobulin.
  • To explore the influence of different lymphoid organs, cell preparations, culture conditions, and antigen forms on T cell activation.
  • To identify factors critical for T cell recognition of thyroid autoantigens.

Main Methods:

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  • Collected lymphoid cells from blood, thyroid, and lymph nodes of patients and controls.
  • Utilized unfractionated or CD8-depleted cell suspensions, and T cells co-cultured with autologous low-density cells (LDC).
  • Employed standard well cultures and hanging-drop microcultures to assess T cell proliferation (3H-thymidine uptake) against intact/denatured antigens and synthetic peptides.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in T cell proliferation were observed in standard well cultures using unfractionated or CD8-depleted cells from various sources.
    • However, blood T cells from some Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients proliferated in response to intact thyroglobulin or TPO presented by autologous LDC in microcultures.
    • Proliferation was not induced by heat-denatured thyroglobulin, suggesting a role for B cells in antigen presentation.

    Conclusions:

    • Standard culture methods failed to consistently demonstrate T cell proliferation to TPO and thyroglobulin in autoimmune thyroid disease patients.
    • A subset of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients exhibited T cell proliferation in response to autoantigens presented by autologous antigen-presenting cells in microcultures.
    • Sufficient precursor T cells and appropriate antigen-presenting cells are critical for T cell responses to TPO and thyroglobulin.