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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...

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Vitamin D and the kidney.

Rajiv Kumar1, Peter J Tebben, James R Thompson

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. rkumar@mayo.edu

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
|March 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The kidney is crucial for maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance by reabsorbing minerals and synthesizing vitamin D. Its regulation of these processes ensures overall mineral homeostasis in the body.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Mineral Metabolism

Background:

  • The kidney plays a vital role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.
  • It filters and reabsorbs these minerals through regulated transporters and channels.
  • Hormonal and growth factor regulation is critical for these kidney functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the kidney's indispensable role in maintaining mineral homeostasis.
  • To highlight the regulatory mechanisms of calcium and phosphorus balance within the kidney.
  • To emphasize the kidney's function in vitamin D synthesis and metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological processes in kidney mineral transport.
  • Analysis of hormonal and growth factor regulation of renal transporters.

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  • Examination of vitamin D synthesis and metabolism in renal tissue.

    • Main Results:

    • The kidney filters and reabsorbs calcium and inorganic phosphorus.
    • Key regulators include 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25(OH)(2)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH).
    • The kidney synthesizes 1α,25(OH)(2)D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)(2)D), with synthesis regulated by PTH, FGF23, and phosphorus.

    Conclusions:

    • The kidney is essential for maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.
    • Multiple transport and synthetic processes regulated by the kidney are indispensable for mineral balance.
    • The kidney's integral role in vitamin D metabolism further underscores its importance in physiological mineral balance.