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Related Concept Videos

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through interaction...
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
The Arch of Aorta01:10

The Arch of Aorta

The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Where does a migraine attack originate? In the brainstem.

J Tajti1, D Szok, Á Párdutz

  • 1Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged 6725, Hungary.

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|March 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Migraine attacks may originate from altered function in specific brainstem nuclei. This research suggests migraine is a subcortical disorder affecting these crucial brain areas.

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Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
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Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
05:40

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Migraine is a prevalent and disabling primary headache disorder.
  • The precise origin and triggers of migraine attacks remain largely unknown.
  • Existing research points to the involvement of brainstem nuclei in migraine pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of brainstem nuclei in the initiation of migraine attacks.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis.
  • To propose a novel conceptualization of migraine as a subcortical disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of clinical and experimental findings.
  • Analysis of neuronal function in distinct brainstem nuclei.
  • Correlation of brainstem activity with migraine attack initialization.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests activation of specific brainstem nuclei is critical for migraine.
  • The primary cause of this activation is not yet fully understood.
  • Altered function of neuronal elements within brainstem nuclei is implicated in migraine onset.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine attack initialization can be explained by altered brainstem nuclei function.
  • Migraine is proposed to be a subcortical disorder impacting specific brainstem regions.
  • Further research into brainstem mechanisms is warranted for migraine treatment.