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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
11:39

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

Published on: July 11, 2013

Cytokine-based therapy in psoriasis.

Anupam Mitra1, Robyn S Fallen, Hermenio Cavalcante Lima

  • 1Department of Dermatology, VA Medical Centre, Sacramento, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|March 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are autoimmune diseases. Targeting the interleukin-23/T-helper 17 (IL-23/Th17) axis with cytokine antagonists shows promise for treating these conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
11:39

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

Published on: July 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases affecting 2-3% of the global population.
  • Initially viewed as keratinocyte disorders, they are now understood to involve the immune system, particularly the interleukin-23/T-helper 17 (IL-23/Th17) axis.
  • The focus has shifted from Th1 to Th17 cytokines, specifically IL-17 and IL-22, in disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the central role of specific cytokines in psoriasis pathophysiology.
  • To provide a strategic approach to novel therapeutic agents targeting the IL-23/Th17 axis.
  • To analyze the efficacy of cytokine antagonists in treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of the role of the IL-23/Th17 axis and related cytokines (IL-17, IL-22).
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies involving cytokine antagonists, including ustekinumab, anti-IL-17A, and anti-IL-22.

Main Results:

  • The IL-23/Th17 axis is crucial in the pathophysiology of psoriatic diseases.
  • Cytokine antagonists targeting IL-17 and IL-22 have shown efficacy in animal models.
  • Ustekinumab, an IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor, demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeting this axis.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokine antagonists represent a significant therapeutic modality for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
  • Further research is necessary to validate the efficacy and safety of these agents.
  • Targeting the IL-23/Th17 pathway offers a promising strategy for managing psoriatic diseases.