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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation, but...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

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Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
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CFTR, SPINK1, CTRC and PRSS1 variants in chronic pancreatitis: is the role of mutated CFTR overestimated?

Jonas Rosendahl1, Olfert Landt, Jana Bernadova

  • 1Department for Paediatrics & Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum (EKFZ), Technical University Munich (TUM), Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85350 Freising, Germany.

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Genetic analysis reveals that while cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) variants increase chronic pancreatitis risk, compound and trans-heterozygosity are significant factors. However, the overall influence of CFTR alterations on CP development appears minor.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pancreatology

Background:

  • Chronic pancreatitis (CP) involves genetic alterations, but comprehensive studies on predisposing genes are limited.
  • Previous research has investigated several genes associated with CP, often in small patient cohorts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of genetic variants, particularly in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, in the development of chronic pancreatitis.
  • To assess the risk associated with different types of CFTR variants and their combinations in CP patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed PRSS1, SPINK1, and CTRC genes via DNA sequencing in 660 CP patients and controls.
  • Assessed cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene variants using melting curve analysis.
  • Compared variant frequencies between CP patients and a control group of up to 1758 individuals.

Main Results:

  • Identified 103 CFTR variants, showing a 2.7-fold increased risk for CP.
  • CF-causing variants, both severe and mild, significantly elevated CP risk (2.9-fold and 4.5-fold, respectively).
  • Compound and trans-heterozygosity for CFTR variants presented substantial odds ratios (16.1 and 38.7, respectively), indicating a strong association with CP development, though occurring in a small patient subset.

Conclusions:

  • CFTR variants contribute to chronic pancreatitis risk, with CF-causing variants being statistically significant.
  • Compound and trans-heterozygosity for CFTR variants are identified as overt risk factors for CP.
  • The study highlights the complex genetic landscape of CP, suggesting a relatively minor overall contribution of CFTR alterations.