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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Multiple spatial mappings in numerical cognition.

Samuel Shaki¹, Martin H Fischer

¹Ariel University Center of Samaria, Ariel, Israel. Samuel_shaki@hotmail.com

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance

|March 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Even with conflicting reading habits, Israelis show the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect. This suggests spatial-numerical mappings are more flexible than previously thought.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Cross-cultural Psychology

Background:

The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect links number magnitude to spatial representation.
Previous research suggested spatially consistent processing habits are necessary for the SNARC effect.

Purpose of the Study:

To reexamine the SNARC effect in Israelis with spatially inconsistent processing habits for words and numbers.
To clarify the cognitive conditions underlying spatial-numerical mappings.

Main Methods:

Investigated the SNARC effect in Hebrew speakers who read text right-to-left but numbers left-to-right.
Utilized a response dimension spatially orthogonal to the conflicting processing dimension.

Main Results:

A SNARC effect was observed in Israelis, despite their conflicting reading and number processing habits.
The SNARC effect emerged when the response dimension was orthogonal to the conflicting processing direction.

Conclusions:

Spatially inconsistent processing habits do not preclude the SNARC effect.
Cognitive flexibility in spatial-numerical mappings is demonstrated, challenging previous assumptions.
The SNARC effect is adaptable and influenced by the interplay between processing and response dimensions.