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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

Bioactive diterpenes from Callicarpa longissima.

Yuan-Wei Liu1, Yuan-Bin Cheng, Chia-Ching Liaw

  • 1School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan.

Journal of Natural Products
|March 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered four new compounds, callilongisins A-D, from Callicarpa longissima leaves and twigs. These natural products were evaluated for their potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties.

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08:56

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Published on: August 16, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Phytochemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Callicarpa longissima is a plant species known for its potential medicinal properties.
  • Natural products are a rich source of novel chemical structures with diverse biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new chemical constituents from Callicarpa longissima.
  • To evaluate the isolated compounds for cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Main Methods:

  • Phytochemical investigation involving extraction and chromatographic separation techniques.
  • Structure elucidation using spectroscopic methods, including X-ray crystallography for compound 1.
  • In vitro assays to assess cytotoxicity against PC3 prostate cancer cells and anti-inflammatory effects.

Main Results:

  • Four new compounds, callilongisins A-D (1-4), were isolated, along with five known compounds.
  • Compounds 1-3 are novel 3,4-seco-abietane-type diterpenoids; compound 4 is a labdenoic-type diterpene analogue.
  • The structures were confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and X-ray crystallography.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified novel diterpenoids and a labdenoic-type diterpene from Callicarpa longissima.
  • The isolated compounds represent new chemical entities for further investigation into their therapeutic potential.