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Related Concept Videos

Caspases01:24

Caspases

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Visualization of Inflammatory Caspases Induced Proximity in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
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Inflammasomes: far beyond inflammation.

Jorge Henao-Mejia1, Eran Elinav, Till Strowig

  • 1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammasomes, key to innate immunity, have been extensively studied for nearly a decade. Their biochemical understanding now drives therapies for inflammatory and metabolic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The inflammasome complex, a crucial component of the innate immune system, was conceptualized approximately ten years ago.
  • Subsequent biochemical characterization has significantly advanced our comprehension of immune responses during infection and sterile inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemical advancements in inflammasome research.
  • To highlight the clinical implications of inflammasome understanding in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biochemical studies on inflammasomes.
  • Analysis of clinical data related to inflammasome-targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed biochemical pathways of inflammasome activation have been elucidated.
  • Inflammasome research has led to effective treatments for hereditary periodic fever syndromes.

Conclusions:

  • The biochemical understanding of inflammasomes is critical for innate immunity.
  • Targeting inflammasomes offers therapeutic potential for inflammatory and metabolic disorders.