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Updated: May 23, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
Published on: April 27, 2016
[Endothelial dysfunction. An integrated overview of the physiopatologic and diagnostic aspects]
Serena Del Turco1, Elisabetta Bianchini, Rita Bucalo
1Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa. serena@ifc.cnr.it
Abstract:
Endothelial dysfunction is an early alteration in the atherosclerotic process. Cardiovascular risk factors induce endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and by new proatherogenic, proinflammatory and prothrombotic properties. It is evident as the study of the endothelium could play a key role in the cardiovascular research and can be an useful tool for risk stratification in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. An ideal approach for the comprehensive evaluation on endothelial physiopathology would take into account and integrate informations about endothelial biology (activation, injury and regenerative capacity) and endothelial function, so to be correlated with clinical data.
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