Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Published on: January 19, 2022
Cyanosis when head turned to left in an infant with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Bas Vermeulen1, Eric Haarman, Lukas Rammeloo
1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
A 19-month-old boy with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), mirror-image dextrocardia, situs inversus (SI) totalis suffered from persistent hypoxia. Cyanosis became clinically evident when the child turned the head to the left and resolved after turning the head to the right. Echocardiography demonstrated two superior caval veins; the left sided superior vena cava (SVC) entering the left sided right atrium (RA) and the right sided into the right sided left atrium (LA). Surgical redirection of the right sided caval vein into RA was performed.
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