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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

PARPs and the DNA damage response.

Fabricio G Sousa1, Renata Matuo, Daniele G Soares

  • 1Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Carcinogenesis
|March 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Poly (ADP ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are crucial enzymes in DNA damage response. This review details PARP functions, their role in DNA repair, and the development of PARP inhibitors for therapeutic applications.

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Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation
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Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation

Published on: March 20, 2018

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation
12:29

Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation

Published on: March 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a key posttranslational modification.
  • Poly (ADP ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze this process using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)).
  • PARPs are implicated in diverse cellular functions, notably the DNA damage response (DDR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the DDR functions of PARPs 1-3.
  • To explore the emerging roles of poly (ADP ribose) polymers in DNA damage.
  • To discuss the development, applications, and mechanisms of PARP inhibitors in DDR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PARP functions in DNA damage response.
  • Analysis of structural domains and cellular localization of PARPs.
  • Examination of PARP inhibitor development and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • PARPs 1-3 are integral to DNA damage recognition, signaling, repair, chromatin remodeling, and cell death.
  • Poly (ADP ribose) polymers play significant roles in cellular responses to DNA lesions.
  • PARP inhibitors show promise in therapeutic applications targeting DDR.

Conclusions:

  • PARPs are versatile enzymes with critical roles in maintaining genomic integrity.
  • Understanding PARP-mediated signaling pathways is essential for developing targeted therapies.
  • PARP inhibitors represent a significant advancement in cancer treatment and other diseases involving DNA damage.