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Related Concept Videos

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure01:25

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask and...
Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation
06:13

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

Published on: June 20, 2018

Alternative 1-step nasal reconstruction technique.

Kazuo Kishi1, Nobuaki Imanishi, Yusuke Shimizu

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. kkishi@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp

Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery
|March 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A novel one-step nasal reconstruction technique using a paramedian forehead flap based on the angular artery offers a simpler alternative for alar defects. This method ensures flap survival and avoids rotational arc restrictions in nasal reconstruction.

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Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The paramedian forehead flap is a common technique for nasal reconstruction.
  • Traditionally, this flap is raised based on the supratrochlear artery.
  • Limitations exist, especially when alar lining or base reconstruction is required.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a modified one-step nasal reconstruction technique.
  • To utilize an island paramedian forehead flap based on the angular artery.
  • To evaluate this technique for full-thickness nasal ala or alar base defects.

Main Methods:

  • Angiography was performed on 10 cadavers to map nasal and forehead arterial anatomy.
  • An island paramedian forehead flap, based on the angular artery, was designed.
  • The technique was applied to 6 patients with nasal ala or alar base defects.

Main Results:

  • Anatomical study confirmed rich vascular connections between supratrochlear, dorsonasal, and angular arteries.
  • Flaps were tunneled subcutaneously without significant bulk.
  • All 6 reconstructions were completed in a single stage with successful flap healing and no necrosis.

Conclusions:

  • A one-step nasal reconstruction is feasible using a downward-pedicled paramedian forehead flap based on the angular artery.
  • This technique effectively reconstructs full-thickness nasal defects, including alar lining and alar base.
  • It overcomes rotational arc limitations associated with traditional methods.