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01:18Viral Meningitis
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
01:22Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
00:58Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
01:19Encephalitis l: Introduction
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
01:25Increased Body Temperature
A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026
12:48
Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice
Published on: January 2, 2013
Is benign tertian malaria actually benign?
Atul Gogia1, Atul Kakar, S P Byotra
1Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India. atulgogs@rediffmail.com
Tropical Doctor
|March 21, 2012
Summary
Plasmodium vivax malaria can cause severe complications like thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study reveals that P. vivax malaria is not always benign and can lead to serious outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Tropical Medicine
- Hematology
Background:
- Malaria remains a significant global health concern, with Plasmodium vivax historically considered less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum.
- Tertiary care settings often manage complex malaria cases requiring detailed complication analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and spectrum of complications associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria.
- To evaluate the severity of P. vivax malaria in a tertiary care hospital setting in New Delhi, India.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of confirmed malaria case records over one year.
- Analysis of complete blood count, peripheral blood smear findings, and liver/kidney function tests.
- Categorization of malaria cases by Plasmodium species (P. vivax, P. falciparum, mixed).
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Published on: February 17, 2014
Main Results:
- Out of 165 confirmed malaria cases, 121 were P. vivax, 42 were P. falciparum, and 2 had mixed infections.
- Complications in P. vivax cases included thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, renal damage, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
- Three deaths occurred, all attributed to ARDS in P. vivax malaria patients.
Conclusions:
- Plasmodium vivax malaria can present with severe and life-threatening complications, challenging its perception as a benign infection.
- The incidence of severe complications like ARDS highlights the need for vigilant monitoring and management of P. vivax malaria.
- Findings underscore that P. vivax malaria requires comprehensive clinical attention, similar to P. falciparum malaria, especially regarding potential severe outcomes.