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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Methods for the Determination of Rates of Glucose and Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Isolated Working Rat Heart
12:24

Methods for the Determination of Rates of Glucose and Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Isolated Working Rat Heart

Published on: September 28, 2016

Ribose in the heart.

James Herrick, John St Cyr

    Journal of Dietary Supplements
    |March 22, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cells require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy. Supplementing with ribose can help replenish ATP levels depleted by conditions like ischemia and hypoxia, potentially improving heart function.

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    Methods for the Determination of Rates of Glucose and Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Isolated Working Rat Heart
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    Published on: September 28, 2016

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    11:10

    Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers

    Published on: February 28, 2011

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cardiovascular Physiology

    Background:

    • Cellular energy, specifically adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is crucial for cellular function.
    • Stressful conditions like hypoxia and ischemia deplete intracellular ATP levels, compromising cellular processes.
    • Skeletal muscle can regenerate ATP via the myokinase reaction, but the heart has limited capacity for this.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of ribose in replenishing ATP levels.
    • To assess the potential of ribose to improve cardiac function under conditions of energy depletion.
    • To explore ribose as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • The study discusses the biochemical pathways involving ribose, ATP, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP).
    • It reviews the effects of ischemia and hypoxia on cardiac energy metabolism.
    • The potential of ribose supplementation to restore ATP levels is examined.

    Main Results:

    • Ribose is a fundamental component of ATP and is produced via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP).
    • Ischemia and hypoxia significantly reduce cardiac ATP levels, impairing cellular function.
    • Ribose supplementation shows promise in restoring depressed ATP levels in cardiac tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Ribose plays a vital role in cellular energy production and is essential for ATP synthesis.
    • Supplementing with ribose may offer a therapeutic strategy to counteract ATP depletion in the heart.
    • Ribose supplementation could improve the functional status of patients with cardiovascular diseases by restoring energy levels.