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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions01:23

Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions

Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, airways, the digestive tract, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. Hollow organs and body cavities that do not connect to the body's exterior, including blood vessels and serous membranes, are lined by epithelial tissue known as the endothelium.
Epithelial tissues provide the body's first line of protection from physical, chemical, and...
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium

Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...
Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...

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Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

Unit operations of tissue development: epithelial folding.

Jeremiah J Zartman1, Stanislav Y Shvartsman

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. jeremiah.zartman@imls.uzh.ch

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|March 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multicellular organism development uses conserved assembly, sculpting, and folding techniques. Understanding tissue development requires quantitative models linking gene sequence to biomechanics for synthetic organs and disease treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Tissue engineering
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Multicellular organism development relies on conserved processes like assembly, sculpting, and folding.
  • These fundamental techniques are regulated spatially and temporally to create diverse tissues.
  • Understanding the genetic and mechanistic conservation across species is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review signaling, patterning, and biomechanical transformations in epithelial folding.
  • To explore the concept of a spatial code governing morphogenesis.
  • To highlight the need for quantitative experimental systems and multi-level models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of signaling pathways in epithelial folding.
  • Analysis of patterning mechanisms.
  • Examination of biomechanical transformations in model systems.

Main Results:

  • Epithelial folding involves complex yet modular signaling, patterning, and biomechanical processes.
  • A spatial code may specify morphogenetic events.
  • Quantitative models are essential for deciphering developmental mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Deciphering the spatial code of morphogenesis requires integrated experimental and modeling approaches.
  • Quantitative models of embryogenesis can advance synthetic organ creation.
  • These models offer potential for novel treatments of degenerative tissue diseases.