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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Bladder exstrophy.

Seyfettin Uludag1, Onur Guralp, Murat Akbas

  • 1Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology
|March 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital condition where the bladder is exposed externally. Diagnosis uses ultrasound and Doppler, and while mortality is low, serious morbidities warrant discussing pregnancy termination.

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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Congenital Malformations
  • Prenatal Diagnosis

Background:

  • Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the absence of the anterior bladder wall.
  • The posterior bladder wall is exposed externally, presenting a significant developmental anomaly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic approaches for bladder exstrophy.
  • To discuss the implications and management considerations for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic tools, primarily focusing on ultrasound and Doppler examinations.
  • Differential diagnosis considerations including omphalocele, gastroschisis, and cloacal exstrophy.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound and Doppler are the primary methods for diagnosing bladder exstrophy.
  • Mortality rates are low, but significant morbidities are associated with the condition.

Conclusions:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of bladder exstrophy is crucial.
  • The presence of serious morbidities necessitates a discussion regarding pregnancy termination options.