Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lack of evidence that progesterone in ovulatory cycles causes breast cancer.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2023
Same author

Observation of Antiferromagnetic Magnon Pseudospin Dynamics and the Hanle Effect.

Physical review letters·2021
Same author

Spin Transport in a Magnetic Insulator with Zero Effective Damping.

Physical review letters·2020
Same author

Gross and histopathologic diagnoses from North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis mortalities between 2003 and 2018.

Diseases of aquatic organisms·2019
Same author

[HPV infection in women : Diagnostics, treatment and the relevance of vaccination].

Der Urologe. Ausg. A·2018
Same author

Integrated morphologic and molecular analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and human papillomavirus using cytologic smear preparations.

Parasitology research·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Progesterone and bone: a closer link than previously realized.

V Seifert-Klauss1, M Schmidmayr, E Hobmaier

  • 1Frauenklinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.

Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society
|March 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Progesterone plays a key role in bone health for perimenopausal women. Lower progesterone levels due to decreased ovulation correlate with increased bone mineral density loss.

More Related Videos

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Osteoporosis Research

Background:

  • Decreased ovulation and hormonal shifts precede menopause, impacting bone loss.
  • Estradiol and progesterone are key ovarian hormones influencing skeletal health in women.
  • Progesterone influences osteoblast differentiation and may affect bone remodeling during perimenopause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of progesterone in bone metabolism in perimenopausal women.
  • To examine the relationship between ovulation, progesterone levels, and bone mineral density (BMD) changes.
  • To evaluate the impact of ovulatory disturbances on bone loss in perimenopausal women.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, 2-year observational study (PEKNO study) in perimenopausal women.
  • Analysis of interim data correlating ovulation rates with BMD changes.
  • Meta-analysis of existing studies on ovulation, hormone replacement therapy, and BMD.

Main Results:

  • Interim PEKNO study data show decreased ovulation correlates with increased BMD loss.
  • Meta-analysis indicates a BMD increase of 0.5% annually with normal ovulation versus a 0.7% decrease with ovulatory disturbances.
  • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogens plus progestogens increased BMD more than unopposed estrogens in postmenopausal women.

Conclusions:

  • Ovulatory disturbances and associated lower progesterone levels contribute to bone mineral density loss in perimenopausal women.
  • Progesterone's role in bone metabolism warrants further investigation, particularly in estrogen-replete perimenopausal states.
  • Maintaining ovulation may be crucial for preserving bone health during the menopausal transition.