Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Context and prior phonological knowledge as a support for novel word learning: A computational study with the BRAID-Acq model.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

The influence of visual attention on letter recognition and reading acquisition in Arabic.

Frontiers in psychology·2025
Same author

Framework for Exploration of Statistical Heterogeneity in Multi-Database Studies: A Case Study Using EXACOS-CV Studies.

Clinical epidemiology·2025
Same author

The sustained increase of cardiovascular risk following COPD exacerbations: meta-analyses of the EXACOS-CV studies.

ERJ open research·2025
Same author

Post-authorisation safety study to assess the risk of urinary tract cancer in people with type 2 diabetes initiating empagliflozin: A multi-country European study.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2025
Same author

Visual attention matters during word recognition: A Bayesian modeling approach.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2025
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Impaired letter-string processing in developmental dyslexia: what visual-to-phonology code mapping disorder?

Sylviane Valdois1, Delphine Lassus-Sangosse, Muriel Lobier

  • 1Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (UMR CNRS 5105), Grenoble, France. Sylviane.Valdois@upmf-grenoble.fr

Dyslexia (Chichester, England)
|March 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study challenges the phonological theory of developmental dyslexia. Findings indicate that poor letter processing in dyslexic children is not due to phonological mapping issues but rather visual familiarity.

More Related Videos

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Developmental dyslexia is often linked to poor visual attention (VA) span, affecting multi-character processing.
  • Previous research suggested poor letter/digit-string processing in dyslexia, but preserved symbol-string processing, pointed to a visual-to-phonology code mapping deficit.
  • This interpretation aligns with the phonological theory of developmental dyslexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the visual-to-phonological-code mapping disorder hypothesis in developmental dyslexia.
  • To differentiate between phonological deficits and visual familiarity accounts for processing differences in dyslexic children.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Assessed letter-string, digit-string, and color-string processing in dyslexic children to distinguish between phonological and visual familiarity explanations.
  • Experiment 2: Evaluated letter-string report performance with and without a concurrent taxing phonological task to assess phonological interference.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1 revealed poor letter/digit-string processing but preserved color-string processing in dyslexic children, supporting a familiarity account over a visual-to-phonology mapping disorder.
  • Experiment 2 demonstrated that dyslexic children's letter-string report was equally impaired regardless of whether a concurrent phonological task was performed.

Conclusions:

  • The findings strongly refute a phonological account for poor letter-string processing in developmental dyslexia.
  • Results suggest that visual familiarity, rather than visual-to-phonology code mapping deficits, better explains processing differences observed in dyslexic individuals.