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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Carbohydrates01:30

Membrane Carbohydrates

The plasma membrane is a dynamic barrier composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It is the epicenter of many cellular processes required for cell growth and survival. Carbohydrates have unique structural and chemical properties that help the plasma membrane to carry out its functions effectively.
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Membrane Carbohydrates01:30

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The plasma membrane is a dynamic barrier composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It is the epicenter of many cellular processes required for cell growth and survival. Carbohydrates have unique structural and chemical properties that help the plasma membrane to carry out its functions effectively.
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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence the...
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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...

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Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
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Structural basis for carbohydrate-binding specificity--a comparative assessment of two engineered

Laura von Schantz1, Maria Håkansson, Derek T Logan

  • 1Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Glycobiology
|March 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Engineered carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) can be modified to alter their specificity for detecting carbohydrates. A single mutation created a cross-reactive CBM by introducing new interactions and protein plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate chemistry
  • Structural biology
  • Protein engineering

Background:

  • Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are key tools for detecting and purifying carbohydrates.
  • Structural studies have advanced understanding of CBM specificity, but predicting modification outcomes requires further research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present crystal structures of engineered CBMs with distinct binding specificities.
  • To elucidate the structural basis for altered carbohydrate-binding properties following mutagenesis.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography was used to determine the structures of engineered CBMs.
  • Structures were solved for apo forms and complexes with carbohydrate oligomers (xylose and glucose).

Main Results:

  • The crystal structures of X-2 and its L110F mutant CBMs were determined.
  • The L110F mutation introduced a hydrogen-π interaction, enabling binding to glucans and xyloglucans.
  • Protein plasticity, specifically at residue R142, allowed accommodation of different carbohydrate structures.

Conclusions:

  • Simple mutagenesis can significantly alter CBM binding properties by modifying protein-carbohydrate interactions.
  • Structural insights reveal how subtle changes like hydrogen-π interactions and protein plasticity impact CBM specificity.
  • This work provides a foundation for designing CBMs with tailored binding specificities for carbohydrate detection.