Related Experiment Videos

Preoperative anxiety in children risk factors and non-pharmacological management

Mohammad I Ahmed1, Maureen A Farrell, Katie Parrish

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street, P.O. Box 298, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Iahmed@tuftsmedicalcenter.org

Middle East Journal of Anaesthesiology
|March 23, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Preoperative anxiety in children negatively impacts their surgical experience and recovery. This review explores risk factors and strategies, including non-pharmacological interventions, to minimize pediatric anxiety during the perioperative period.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Child Psychology
  • Perioperative Care

Background:

  • Preoperative anxiety in children causes significant distress.
  • It negatively affects postoperative recovery and long-term outcomes.
  • Minimizing perioperative anxiety is crucial for children's well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors for preoperative anxiety in children.
  • To examine tools for quantifying pediatric and parental anxiety.
  • To explore strategies for decreasing preoperative anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of risk factors, assessment tools, and interventions.
  • Exploration of child development and parental presence.
  • Examination of non-pharmacological interventions for pediatric anxiety.

Main Results:

  • Factors influencing anxiety include age, temperament, prior experiences, and parental coping.
  • Parental presence and understanding child development can improve cooperation.
  • Non-pharmacological strategies show promise in reducing anxiety.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing preoperative anxiety is essential for better surgical outcomes.
  • A comprehensive approach considering child and parent factors is needed.
  • Further research into effective anxiety reduction strategies is warranted.

Related Concept Videos

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview01:26

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic circuitry.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...