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Related Experiment Videos

Otologic disease in AIDS patients: CT correlation.

D Kohan1, P E Hammerschlag, R A Holliday

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.

The Laryngoscope
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Contrast-enhanced CT scans aid in diagnosing otologic and central nervous system (CNS) conditions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Imaging is crucial for identifying otopathology and CNS toxoplasmosis in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can lead to various opportunistic infections and pathologies affecting the temporal bone and brain.
  • Otolaryngologic manifestations in AIDS patients require accurate diagnostic imaging for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans in identifying otologic and central nervous system (CNS) pathologies in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • To determine the specific diagnostic value of CT in various conditions prevalent in AIDS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of contrast-enhanced CT scans of the temporal bone and brain in 18 patients diagnosed with otologic disease and AIDS.
  • Analysis of scan findings to identify abnormalities in the middle ear, mastoid, CNS, and nasopharynx.

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Main Results:

  • CT scans revealed middle ear and mastoid disease in seven patients and CNS pathology in three.
  • Eight scans showed no abnormalities.
  • CT effectively localized otopathology and diagnosed conditions including CNS toxoplasmosis, aural polyps, osteomyelitis, mastoiditis, and middle ear effusion due to lymphoid tissue hypertrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Contrast-enhanced brain CT scans are recommended for AIDS patients with sensorineural hearing loss to exclude CNS pathology.
  • CT scanning criteria for conductive hearing loss in AIDS patients are not altered by their AIDS status.
  • Temporal bone CT scans for conductive hearing loss should include nasopharyngeal imaging to rule out eustachian tube obstruction by hypertrophic lymphoid tissue.