Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...

Characteristics of Life

Characteristics of Life

Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. The field's scope is extensive and divided into several specialized disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, ethology, genetics, and many more. All living things share a few key traits, including cellular organization, heritable genetic material and the ability to adapt/evolve, metabolism to regulate energy needs, the...

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Specific inhibition of SRC kinase impairs malignant glioma growth in vitro and in vivo.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2013

Same author

Genetic variants of p21 and p27 and hepatocellular cancer risk in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study.

International journal of cancer·2012

Same author

MAIGO2 is involved in abscisic acid-mediated response to abiotic stresses and Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport.

Physiologia plantarum·2012

Same author

The internal dynamics of mini c TAR DNA probed by electron paramagnetic resonance of nitroxide spin-labels at the lower stem, the loop, and the bulge.

Biochemistry·2012

Same author

Electrochemical depassivation of zero-valent iron for trichloroethene reduction.

Journal of hazardous materials·2012

Same author

Derivation of quantum work equalities using a quantum Feynman-Kac formula.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

In Vitro Biochemical Assays using Biotin Labels to Study Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions

In Vitro Biochemical Assays using Biotin Labels to Study Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions

Published on: July 17, 2019

IKK biology.

Fei Liu¹, Yifeng Xia, Aaron S Parker

¹Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Immunological Reviews

|March 23, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IKK) complex regulates the NF-κB pathway. This review explores IKK activation and its NF-κB-independent roles, crucial for therapeutic targeting.

More Related Videos

Using Whole Mount in situ Hybridization to Link Molecular and Organismal Biology

Using Whole Mount in situ Hybridization to Link Molecular and Organismal Biology

Published on: March 31, 2011

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Published on: July 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

In Vitro Biochemical Assays using Biotin Labels to Study Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions

In Vitro Biochemical Assays using Biotin Labels to Study Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions

Published on: July 17, 2019

Using Whole Mount in situ Hybridization to Link Molecular and Organismal Biology

Using Whole Mount in situ Hybridization to Link Molecular and Organismal Biology

Published on: March 31, 2011

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Published on: July 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Signaling
Biochemistry

Background:

The inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex is central to NF-κB pathway regulation.
IKK activation is a precise, stimulus-specific event vital for NF-κB functions.
Emerging evidence reveals significant NF-κB-independent roles for IKK members.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key advancements in understanding IKK activation mechanisms.
To highlight the diverse biological functions of IKK family members.
To emphasize the importance of NF-κB-independent IKK functions in biological processes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on IKK activation and function.
Analysis of research focusing on NF-κB-dependent and independent roles of IKK.
Synthesis of findings related to the therapeutic targeting of IKK.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of the regulated process of IKK complex activation.
Exploration of IKK's expanding biological repertoire beyond NF-κB signaling.
Identification of complex regulatory networks involving IKK family members.

Conclusions:

IKK activation is a highly controlled process with multifaceted biological implications.
NF-κB-independent functions of IKK significantly broaden its biological relevance.
A comprehensive understanding of IKK activation and roles is critical for developing novel therapeutics.