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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis
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Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis

Published on: February 18, 2020

Calcium signalling remodelling and disease.

Michael J Berridge1

  • 1Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K. michael.berridge@babraham.ac.uk

Biochemical Society Transactions
|March 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is vital for cell function. Dysregulation of these signals, particularly through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) pathways, is linked to major human diseases like Alzheimer's and cardiac conditions.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis
09:07

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Published on: February 18, 2020

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08:41

Monitoring Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis Using a Gaussia Luciferase SERCaMP

Published on: September 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathways are crucial for diverse cellular functions.
  • Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-mediated Ca2+ release is a key component of many signaling systems.
  • Transcriptional regulation maintains the stability of cell-specific Ca2+ signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the plasticity and dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling systems.
  • To investigate the link between altered Ca2+ signaling and human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Ca2+ signaling dynamics.
  • Investigation of transcriptional control mechanisms.
  • Review of disease-associated signaling alterations.

Main Results:

  • Ca2+ signaling systems exhibit phenotypic plasticity, allowing for remodeling.
  • Dysregulation, characterized by excessively high or low Ca2+ signals, can occur.
  • Subtle alterations in Ca2+ signaling are associated with major diseases, including cardiac disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular Ca2+ signaling is dynamic and susceptible to homeostatic imbalances.
  • Aberrant Ca2+ signaling represents a significant factor in the pathophysiology of various complex human diseases.
  • Understanding these signaling dysregulations may offer therapeutic targets for neurological and cardiac conditions.