Arsenate removal from simulated groundwater with a Donnan dialyzer

A simple point of use (POU) device based on the theory of Donnan dialysis was developed for the removal of arsenate (As(V)) in the present study. A commercial anion exchange membrane was used as a semipermeable barrier between the feed and stripping solution (As(V)-spiked groundwater and a 12gL(-1) table salt solution, respectively). The proposed POU device could be operated 26 times before replacing the stripping solution. In each batch, approximately 80% of the arsenate anions were transported across the membrane within 24h, and the arsenic concentration of the stripping solution was finally more than 180 times greater than that of the treated water. Cations were well preserved in treated water; however, a slight increase in the sodium ion concentration was observed due to electrolyte leakage. Alternatively, the chloride ion concentration significantly increased at the expense of a loss of sulfate and bicarbonate. The quality of treated water was in compliance with drinking water standards. Membrane fouling was investigated, and a reduction in the As(V) removal rates was not observed when the membrane was used repeatedly. Our results showed that the proposed Donnan dialysis POU device could effectively remove arsenic from drinking water in rural areas in a sustainable manner.