Localization algorithms of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: a survey

Area of Science:

• Computer Science
• Electrical Engineering
• Oceanography

Background:

• Localization is crucial for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs).
• Existing localization algorithms require comprehensive review and classification.
• Sensor node mobility significantly impacts localization performance in UWSNs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive survey of localization algorithms for UWSNs.
• To classify UWSN localization algorithms based on sensor node mobility.
• To analyze and compare existing algorithms and identify future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Classification of localization algorithms into three categories: stationary, mobile, and hybrid.
• Detailed comparison of the performance, advantages, and disadvantages of various algorithms.
• Analysis of current research trends and identification of open challenges in UWSN localization.

Main Results:

• Localization algorithms are effectively categorized by sensor node mobility.
• Key differences and trade-offs between stationary, mobile, and hybrid approaches are highlighted.
• A clear overview of the state-of-the-art in UWSN localization is presented.

Conclusions:

• The mobility of sensor nodes is a critical factor in designing effective UWSN localization algorithms.
• Further research is needed to address the unique challenges of underwater environments, such as limited connectivity and harsh conditions.
• This survey provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of UWSN localization.