Two-dimensional fetal echocardiography: where we are

Area of Science:

• Maternal-fetal medicine
• Pediatric cardiology
• Prenatal diagnostics

Background:

• Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common severe congenital abnormality in newborns.
• CHD causes over half of childhood deaths from congenital anomalies.
• Prenatal diagnosis significantly improves therapeutic options and postnatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the indications for fetal echocardiography.
• To emphasize the importance of timely prenatal diagnosis of CHD.
• To describe the techniques and expertise required for fetal echocardiography.

Main Methods:

• Fetal echocardiography allows diagnosis as early as 15 weeks of gestation.
• Indications include fetal growth restriction, distress, extracardiac anomalies, chromosomal abnormalities, arrhythmias, and suspected CHD.
• A systematic approach by qualified professionals is essential.

Main Results:

• Prenatal diagnosis enables a wider range of therapeutic choices.
• Early detection can lead to improved postnatal outcomes for infants with CHD.
• Specific indications guide the necessity of cardiac assessment during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

• Fetal echocardiography is a critical tool for diagnosing congenital heart disease prenatally.
• Timely diagnosis and expert performance of the examination are vital for managing CHD.
• Adherence to established guidelines ensures the quality of this specialized procedure.