Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
Uterus and Cervix01:18

Uterus and Cervix

The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs of...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cancer Anxiety Mediates the Association Between Satisfaction With Medical Communication and Psychological Quality of Life After Prophylactic Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy.

Frontiers in psychology·2022
Same author

35-Week twin delivery after embryo reduction at 11 weeks and subsequent expulsion of a dead foetus at 20.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·2018
Same author

Radiobiological Optimization in Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Are We Ready to Apply Radiobiological Models?

Frontiers in oncology·2018
Same author

Tadalafil 5 mg daily treatment for type 1 diabetic premenopausal women affected by sexual genital arousal disorder.

The journal of sexual medicine·2012
Same author

Fetal cystic lymphangioma of the neck: a case report.

Journal of prenatal medicine·2012
Same author

Obstetric management in Rh alloimmunizated pregnancy.

Journal of prenatal medicine·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Post partum pelvic floor changes.

Ylenia Fonti1, Rosalba Giordano, Alessandra Cacciatore

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of "S. Bambino" Hospital. University of Catania, Italy.

Journal of Prenatal Medicine
|March 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy and childbirth can cause pelvic floor dysfunction, including urinary incontinence and genital prolapse. These conditions stem from changes in the pelvic support structures, with pregnancy itself being a significant risk factor.

Keywords:
partumpelvicpregnancyprolaps

More Related Videos

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
03:43

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: September 13, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
03:43

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Pelvic-perineal dysfunctions are common in women post-pregnancy.
  • Urinary incontinence and genital prolapse are significant consequences of childbirth.
  • Alterations in neurological and musculo-fascial pelvic support structures are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe genitourinary changes after childbirth.
  • To highlight the impact of pregnancy and childbirth on these changes.
  • To address the controversy surrounding the cause of pelvic floor dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pregnancy and childbirth effects on pelvic floor.
  • Analysis of mechanical and hormonal changes during pregnancy.
  • Examination of tissue pressure and stretching during delivery.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy itself is a significant risk factor due to mechanical and hormonal changes.
  • The first child's birth is particularly decisive for pelvic floor stability.
  • Increased uterine volume during pregnancy overloads perineal structures.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy-induced mechanical and hormonal shifts contribute to pelvic floor dysfunction.
  • Childbirth exerts significant pressure, causing stretching and potential damage to pelvic floor tissues.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for managing postpartum genitourinary changes.