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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

Introduction to Hemostasis

Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.

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Related Experiment Videos

Antepartum haemorrhage.

Rosalba Giordano1, Alessandra Cacciatore, Pietro Cignini

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele. University of Catania, Italy.

Journal of Prenatal Medicine
|March 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) evaluation involves clinical assessment and ultrasound. Diagnoses like placental abruption or previa are confirmed in about half of cases, with the other half remaining undiagnosed.

Keywords:
hemorragepost-partum complicationspregnancy.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is a significant cause of maternal and perinatal complications.
  • It necessitates prompt evaluation and management in the latter half of pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic approaches for antepartum haemorrhage.
  • To summarize findings from major prospective trials and case-control studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on large prospective trials and case-control studies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic evaluations including history, clinical signs, speculum examination, and ultrasound.

Main Results:

  • Placental abruption or placenta previa are diagnosed in approximately 50% of women with APH.
  • A definitive diagnosis is not established in the remaining 50% despite investigations.

Conclusions:

  • Standard evaluation for APH includes clinical assessment and ultrasound after maternal stabilization.
  • The diagnostic yield for specific causes of APH remains limited in a significant proportion of cases.