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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice
04:46

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice

Published on: May 5, 2023

Changes in stroke research productivity: A global perspective.

Daniel S Chow1, Jason S Hauptman, Tony T Wong

  • 1Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Surgical Neurology International
|March 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke publications show steady worldwide growth, with linear increases in the US and exponential growth in clinical trials. Pain management and rehabilitation specialties are driving this clinical trial expansion.

Keywords:
Cerebrovascular disease/strokecost-effectiveness/economic and outcome researchresearch productivity

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Published on: December 19, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Bibliometrics
  • Medical Literature Analysis

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading global cause of death.
  • Limited quantitative analysis exists for stroke publication trends.
  • Understanding publication growth and methodology is crucial for research progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze trends in stroke literature over 12 years (1996-2008).
  • To examine changes in worldwide publication productivity.
  • To assess shifts in study methodologies within stroke research.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective bibliometric analysis of MEDLINE-indexed stroke articles (1996-2008).
  • Data collected included country of origin, methodology, author specialty, and funding sources.
  • Linear and nonlinear regression used to analyze growth trends.

Main Results:

  • 32,309 stroke articles published; US, Japan, and UK were leading contributors.
  • Global and US publications showed linear growth (209.9 and 56.2 articles/year).
  • Clinical trials demonstrated exponential growth (7.7% annually), with significant increases from pain management and rehabilitation.

Conclusions:

  • Stroke literature exhibits sustained worldwide growth.
  • The United States shows continued productivity in stroke research.
  • Clinical trial publication is increasing, particularly within pain management and rehabilitation.