A short measure of the need for affect
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Updated: May 23, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
Published on: February 11, 2017
Markus Appel1, Timo Gnambs, Gregory R Maio
1Department of Education and Psychology, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, Austria. markus.appel@jku.at
Abstract:
Two studies are presented to introduce a 10-item short form of the Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQ-S; cf. Maio & Esses, 2001 ). Study 1 was based on 4 independent samples (German or English language; N (total) = 2,151) and demonstrated the expected factorial structure of the NAQ-S; its measurement invariance with respect to gender, age, and education; and the predicted associations with relevant personality measures. A latent state-trait analysis conducted in Study 2 (N = 140) suggests that most of the reliable variance of the NAQ-S represents stable individual differences.
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