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Related Concept Videos

Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations
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Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

Published on: February 2, 2024

Visceral responses to spinal manipulation.

Philip S Bolton1, Brian Budgell

  • 1School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia. Philip.Bolton@newcastle.edu.au

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology
|March 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal manipulation may affect organ function, but the exact neurobiological reasons are unclear. More research is needed to understand how this biomechanical treatment influences visceral responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Integrative Medicine

Background:

  • Spinal manipulation is a common treatment for back and neck pain.
  • Its use for non-musculoskeletal conditions is controversial due to a lack of clear neurobiological explanation.
  • The link between spinal biomechanics and visceral function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the physiological evidence linking spinal manipulation to visceral function.
  • To explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects.
  • To consolidate current research on spinal manipulation's impact on organ systems.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a structured literature search using PubMed and the Index to Chiropractic Literature.
  • Focused on primary data studies involving healthy human subjects.
  • Analyzed research investigating the effects of spinal manipulation on visceral function.

Main Results:

  • The existing body of literature is limited, with a focus on cardiovascular function.
  • Somato-autonomic reflexes are frequently cited as the mechanism of action.
  • Alternative pathways, such as somato-humoural mechanisms, are under-explored.
  • Evidence suggests spinal manipulation can modulate some organ functions.

Conclusions:

  • While evidence indicates spinal manipulation can influence visceral function, a comprehensive neurobiological rationale is lacking.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms, including somato-autonomic and somato-humoural pathways.
  • Understanding these connections could validate broader applications of spinal manipulation.