Merging systems biology with pharmacodynamics
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Updated: May 23, 2026

Diagonal Method to Measure Synergy Among Any Number of Drugs
Published on: June 21, 2018
Ravi Iyengar1, Shan Zhao, Seung-Wook Chung
1Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Systems Biology Center New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. ravi.iyengar@mssm.edu
Abstract:
The emerging discipline of systems pharmacology aims to combine analysis and computational modeling of cellular regulatory networks with quantitative pharmacology approaches to drive the drug discovery processes, predict rare adverse events, and catalyze the practice of personalized precision medicine. Here, we introduce the concept of enhanced pharmacodynamic (ePD) models, which synergistically combine the desirable features of systems biology and current PD models within the framework of ordinary or partial differential equations. ePD models that analyze regulatory networks involved in drug action can account for a drug's multiple targets and for the effects of genomic, epigenomic, and posttranslational changes on the drug efficacy. This new knowledge can drive drug discovery and shape precision medicine.
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