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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Overview
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Virus entry: old viruses, new receptors.

Marija Backovic1, Felix A Rey

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Département de Virologie and CNRS URA 3015, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.

Current Opinion in Virology
|March 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

In 2011, scientists identified key viral entry receptors for rubella, sindbis, and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and the measles virus (MV) receptor. New insights also emerged on how these viruses infect dendritic cells to spread within the body.

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Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
11:56

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Published on: August 24, 2015

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Viral entry mechanisms are crucial for understanding infection and developing antiviral strategies.
  • Identifying specific viral receptors facilitates targeted therapeutic interventions.
  • Dendritic cell interactions are key for viral dissemination and host immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the identification of novel viral entry receptors in 2011.
  • To elucidate the role of DC-SIGN in viral interactions with dendritic cells.
  • To understand the early steps of viral dissemination following epithelial barrier breach.

Main Methods:

  • Receptor identification studies for rubella, sindbis, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and measles virus (MV).
  • Investigation of viral interactions with dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN).
  • Analysis of viral dissemination pathways from epithelial cells to lymph nodes.

Main Results:

  • Identification of entry receptors for rubella, sindbis, RSV, and MV.
  • New data on the interaction of MV, RSV, and phleboviruses with DC-SIGN on dendritic cells.
  • Demonstration of how viruses breach the epithelial barrier to access lymph nodes for systemic spread.

Conclusions:

  • The identification of these receptors significantly advanced the field of virus entry.
  • Understanding virus-dendritic cell interactions is critical for viral pathogenesis and host defense.
  • These findings provide a foundation for developing new strategies to control viral infections.