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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells
09:03

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Published on: November 23, 2014

Angiogenesis inhibitors increase tumor stem cells.

Cindy H Chau1, William D Figg

  • 1Molecular Pharmacology Section, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Cancer Biology & Therapy
|March 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Resistance to antiangiogenic therapy, targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, limits clinical benefits. A new study reveals novel resistance mechanisms and suggests strategies to enhance antiangiogenic drug efficacy.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells
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Method for Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Development using Tumor Explants of Surgical Specimens
09:26

Method for Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Development using Tumor Explants of Surgical Specimens

Published on: July 29, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Clinical efficacy of angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway has faced challenges, with many Phase III trials showing only modest survival benefits.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy is crucial for improving patient outcomes and overcoming the limitations of current VEGF-pathway inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a novel explanation for the limited clinical effectiveness of angiogenesis inhibitors.
  • To suggest potential strategies for improving the clinical utility of antiangiogenic agents.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved analyzing resistance mechanisms to antiangiogenic therapy.
  • The research focused on agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway.

Main Results:

  • A novel explanation for treatment limitations of angiogenesis inhibitors was identified.
  • The findings shed light on the complex resistance mechanisms developed by tumors against antiangiogenic drugs.

Conclusions:

  • The study offers a new perspective on why antiangiogenic therapies, particularly those inhibiting the VEGF pathway, have shown limited success.
  • Potential strategies to overcome resistance and enhance the clinical effectiveness of these agents were proposed, paving the way for improved cancer treatment.