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Related Experiment Videos

Assessment of thyroid status by laboratory methods: developments and perspectives.

K Liewendahl1

  • 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid function testing has evolved significantly, moving from less specific iodine tests to advanced immunoassays for accurate thyroid hormone and TSH measurement. Modern methods offer improved sensitivity and speed for diagnosing thyroid disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Traditional serum protein-bound iodine and radioiodine tests were limited by interference.
  • Early thyroid hormone assays (T4, T3) faced challenges with antibody development.
  • Free thyroid hormone (FT4, FT3) methods evolved from equilibrium dialysis to direct assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and advancements in thyroid function testing.
  • To highlight the evolution of assays for thyroid hormones and TSH.
  • To discuss limitations and improvements in diagnostic methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical laboratory techniques for thyroid hormone and TSH measurement.
  • Discussion of competitive saturation analysis, radioimmunoassays (RIAs), and immunometric assays.

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  • Examination of methods for free hormone determination and TSH bioassays.

    • Main Results:

    • Early iodine-based tests were prone to interference.
    • RIAs improved T4 and T3 measurement, while free hormone assays progressed through dialysis and direct methods.
    • Immunometric assays revolutionized TSH measurement, enabling detection of low concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Assays for thyroid hormones and TSH have advanced significantly in sensitivity and specificity.
    • Modern non-isotopic and bedside methods are enhancing thyroid diagnostics.
    • Future developments include immunosensors for continuous analyte monitoring.