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Differences in gene expression between first and third trimester human placenta: a microarray study.

Vasilis Sitras1, Christopher Fenton, Ruth Paulssen

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. Vasilis.Sitras@ahus.no

Plos One
|March 24, 2012
PubMed
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Human placenta gene expression changes significantly between the first and third trimesters, reflecting developmental shifts. Smoking also impacts placental gene expression, highlighting environmental influences on fetal development.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The human placenta undergoes dynamic structural and functional changes during pregnancy.
  • Investigating these changes is crucial for understanding fetal development and health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare global gene expression profiles between first and third trimester placentas.
  • To examine imprinted gene expression and the impact of smoking on placental development.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling using Human Genome Survey Microarray and real-time PCR.
  • Analysis of placental samples from early (9-12 weeks) and late (term) gestation.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 25% of genes showed differential expression between trimesters.

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  • Genes related to proliferation and angiogenesis were higher in the first trimester; signaling and neuronal genes were higher in the third.
  • Imprinted gene expression patterns clearly separated early and late placentas, indicating epigenetic changes throughout gestation. Smoking affected oxidoreductase gene expression.

    • Conclusions:

    • Distinct gene expression profiles in early and late placentas reflect temporal changes in function and structure.
    • Epigenetic modifications occur throughout pregnancy, underscoring environmental influences on the feto-placental unit.