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Decellularized Apple-Derived Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering In Vitro and In Vivo
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Bilayer hydroxyapatite scaffolds for maxillofacial bone tissue engineering.

Teja Guda1, Sunho Oh, Mark R Appleford

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. teja.guda@gmail.com

The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants
|March 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

New hydroxyapatite scaffolds mimic human bone architecture for maxillofacial reconstruction. These bilayer scaffolds show potential as bone graft substitutes, offering suitable mechanical integrity and permeability for bone regeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Craniofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Alveolar ridge resorption and crestal bone loss necessitate bone graft substitutes for dental implant success.
  • Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) quantifies bone quality using architectural parameters.
  • Human bone exhibits a cortical shell/trabecular core architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the suitability of open cellular bilayer hydroxyapatite scaffolds as bone graft substitutes.
  • Mimic the cortical shell/trabecular core architecture of human bone.
  • Evaluate mechanical properties for maxillofacial reconstruction applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabricated hydroxyapatite scaffolds with varying pore sizes for core and shell.
  • Adjusted core-to-shell volume ratios.
  • Compared scaffold architectural, mechanical, and fluid permeability properties to human maxillofacial bone.

Main Results:

  • Scaffold elastic moduli were comparable to human bone.
  • Compressive strength fell within the lower range of human mandibular trabecular bone.
  • Micro-CT architectural indices and fluid conductance were comparable to human trabecular bone.

Conclusions:

  • Open-pore bilayer scaffolds possess adequate mechanical integrity for maxillofacial bone grafting.
  • Scaffold architecture can be tailored to match specific bone sites.
  • Sufficient permeability supports bone regeneration.