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Full-scale biofilter reduction efficiencies assessed using portable 24-hour sampling units.

Neslihan Akdeniz¹, Kevin A Janni

¹Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)

|March 27, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study assessed biofilter performance on animal farms, finding that media porosity and moisture impact gas reduction and nitrous oxide (N2O) production. Proper biofilter management is key for effective odor and greenhouse gas control.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Agricultural Engineering
Air Quality Management

Background:

Animal feeding operations generate significant gaseous emissions, including ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Biofilters are utilized to mitigate these emissions, but their efficiency can be influenced by media characteristics and operational conditions.
Nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, can also be produced or reduced by biofilters.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the performance of full-scale biofilters on diverse animal feeding operations.
To correlate biofilter media properties (porosity, density, age) with the reduction efficiencies of NH3, H2S, sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), and N2O.
To investigate factors influencing N2O production in biofilters.

Main Methods:

Air samples were collected from eight biofilters across dairy and swine farms using portable 24-hour sampling units.
Biofilter media characteristics, including porosity, density, and age, were analyzed.
Gas concentrations (NH3, H2S, SO2, CH4, N2O) were measured to determine reduction efficiencies.

Main Results:

Deep bed biofilters at a dairy farm with porous media showed good NH3 and H2S reduction and no N2O production.
A flat-bed biofilter at a swine nursery achieved high reduction of H2S, SO2, NH3, and CH4 but also generated significant N2O, potentially due to over-watering and anaerobic conditions.
Older biofilter media (3 years) with lower porosity exhibited higher N2O production rates compared to newer media (2 years).

Conclusions:

Biofilter media porosity and moisture management are critical for optimizing pollutant reduction and minimizing N2O emissions.
Biofilter design and operation must be carefully considered to balance the reduction of target pollutants with the prevention of unintended greenhouse gas generation.
Further research into biofilter media optimization and operational strategies is warranted for effective air quality control in animal agriculture.