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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
Rectangular and Triangular Pulse Function01:19

Rectangular and Triangular Pulse Function

The unit rectangular pulse function is mathematically represented by a rectangular function centered at the origin with a height of one unit. This function is defined by two parameters: T, which specifies the center location of the pulse along the time axis, and τ, which determines the pulse duration.
For example, consider a rectangular pulse with a 5V amplitude, a 3-second duration, and centered at t=2 seconds. This pulse can be expressed using the rectangular function, written as,
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the &#181;s-ms Timescale
08:09

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

Pulse-transient adapted C-symmetry pulse sequences.

Johannes Weber1, Marten Seemann, Jörn Schmedt auf der Günne

  • 1Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus D), 81377 München, Germany.

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
|March 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pulse transients in solid-state NMR can be minimized by adjusting cable lengths and using phase-tuned elements. This improves the efficiency of double-quantum filtered experiments, particularly for (15)N, (13)C, and (31)P nuclei.

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NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins
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NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

Published on: November 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Quantum spin dynamics and pulse sequence optimization.

Background:

  • Solid-state NMR often employs short pulses relative to probe head recovery times.
  • High pulse amplitudes in rotor-synchronized dipolar recoupling experiments reduce pulse lengths.
  • C-symmetry pulse sequences for double-quantum filtering are susceptible to pulse transient effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the origin of pulse transients in C-symmetry based NMR pulse sequences.
  • To develop methods for minimizing pulse transient influence on double-quantum filtering.
  • To enhance the performance and efficiency of solid-state NMR experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pulse transient origins and their effect on quadrature components.
  • Minimization of quadrature components through cable-length variation.
  • Numerical simulations of spin-density matrix evolution with composite pulses.
  • Introduction and testing of a phase-tuned C-element for improved performance.
  • Validation via numerically exact calculations of spin dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Pulse transients can significantly impact C-symmetry based double-quantum filtering sequences.
  • Quadrature components of pulse transients can be minimized by optimizing cable lengths.
  • A novel phase-tuned C-element effectively reconstitutes ideal sequence performance.
  • Modified transient-adapted pulse sequences show robustness and increased conversion efficiency.
  • Successful application to (15)N, (13)C, and (31)P double-quantum filtered NMR experiments.

Conclusions:

  • Pulse transient effects are a critical consideration in solid-state NMR pulse sequence design.
  • Cable-length adjustment and phase-tuned elements offer practical solutions for transient mitigation.
  • The developed methods significantly improve conversion efficiency in double-quantum filtered experiments.
  • Transient-adapted pulse sequences provide a robust and applicable enhancement for various NMR nuclei.