Simultaneous actinomycosis with aspergillosis in maxillary sinus

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Mycology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Sinus infections can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including fungi and bacteria.
• Actinomycosis and aspergillosis are distinct infections, rarely co-occurring in the paranasal sinuses.
• Maxillary sinus involvement presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

• A unique case of unilateral maxillary sinus infection involving both actinomycosis and aspergillosis was identified.
• The patient presented with symptoms indicative of a complex sinus infection.
• Diagnostic imaging and microbiological analysis confirmed the co-infection.

Findings:

• Complete resolution of the co-infection was achieved through endoscopic sinus surgery.
• A short-term antibiotic regimen (within one month) proved effective post-surgery.
• Preservation of the surgical ostium was crucial for successful management.

Implications:

• This is the first reported case of co-existing actinomycosis and aspergillosis in the paranasal sinus.
• The findings suggest that a shorter antibiotic course may be sufficient for treating sinonasal actinomycosis.
• Effective surgical management, particularly maintaining sinus patency, is key to successful outcomes in complex fungal and bacterial sinus infections.