Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Critical Numbers and the Closed Interval Method01:21

Critical Numbers and the Closed Interval Method

58
Understanding the maximum and minimum values of a function is essential for analyzing its overall behavior. These values, often referred to as extrema, provide insight into how a function behaves across its domain. In mathematical terms, extrema can be either local—representing peaks and valleys within a limited region—or absolute, indicating the highest or lowest points over an entire interval.A function’s extrema occur at critical numbers, which are values in the domain...
58
Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods01:19

Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods

227
A medication’s effectiveness largely depends on its appropriate dosage and the route of administration. Dosage ensures that a sufficient drug concentration is maintained in the bloodstream to elicit the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity. The route of administration affects the drug's bioavailability, rate of absorption, and onset of action, which are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Drug dosage calculations are critical to tailoring therapy to...
227
Area Computation by the Alternative Coordinate Method01:24

Area Computation by the Alternative Coordinate Method

573
The alternative coordinate method, also known as the Shoelace Formula, is a technique for determining the area of a traverse using Cartesian coordinates. This method relies on the sequential arrangement of x and y coordinates for each point of the shape, ensuring accuracy and ease of application.In this approach, each corner's x and y coordinates are listed as fractions, with the x-coordinate as the numerator and the y-coordinate as the denominator. These coordinates are arranged sequentially...
573
Choosing Between z and t Distribution01:25

Choosing Between z and t Distribution

3.5K
The z and the Student t distribution estimate the population mean using the sample mean and standard deviation. However, to decide which distribution to use for a calculation, one needs to determine the sample size, the nature of the distribution, and whether the population standard deviation is known. If the population standard deviation is known and the population is normally distributed, or if the sample size is greater than 30, the z distribution is preferred. The Student t distribution is...
3.5K
Prediction Intervals01:03

Prediction Intervals

3.3K
The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y. 
3.3K
Confidence Intervals01:21

Confidence Intervals

10.2K
An unbiased point estimate is often insufficient to predict a population estimate, such as population mean or population proportion. In this scenario, a confidence interval is used. A confidence interval is an estimate similar to a  sample proportion. However, unlike the point estimate which is a single value, the confidence interval  contains a range of values. These values have lower and upper limits, known as confidence limits, and can be designated as L1 and L2, respectively.
A...
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

International journal of exercise science·2025
Same author

Multistate Model of Chronic Wounds, Amputations, and Mortality: Cohort Study of a State-wide Registry.

Annals of surgery·2025
Same author

Expanding the clinical utility of reporter gene assay to infliximab biosimilars.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2025
Same author

The Utility of the Immunoglobulin A Flag Used in Celiac Disease Serology Testing on a Particle-Based Multianalyte Technology Platform.

Clinical chemistry·2025
Same author

Development and laboratory validation of an electrochemiluminescence ELISA technique for measuring infliximab concentrations and anti-drug antibodies.

Journal of immunological methods·2025
Same author

Hiding in Plain Sight: Protein Electrophoresis Profile Inconsistent with Patient's Diagnosis.

Clinical chemistry·2025
Same journal

Reference intervals for venous blood gas measurement in a healthy Chinese population.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Multiplex methylation marker analysis for ctDNA detection in liquid biopsies from anal cancer patients: an HPV-independent approach.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Development and validation of patient-based exponentially weighted moving average quality control models for three antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites by LC-MS/MS.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Comparing conventional correction formulas and machine learning-based prediction of ionized calcium.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Micro- and nanoplastics as emerging clinical analytes: analytical validation, interpretive uncertainty, and laboratory actionability in human specimens.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Performance of Free Light Chain reagents in the Dutch External Quality Assessment programme over the past 14 years.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

11.4K

Reference interval computation: which method (not) to choose?

Igor Y Pavlov1, Andrew R Wilson, Julio C Delgado

  • 1ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA. igor.pavlov@aruplab.com

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|March 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calculating reference intervals (RIs) requires careful method selection. Bootstrapping and transformed parametric methods are recommended over standard parametric approaches for accurate RI determination, especially with limited data.

More Related Videos

A Computational Method to Quantify Fly Circadian Activity
13:05

A Computational Method to Quantify Fly Circadian Activity

Published on: October 28, 2017

6.3K
Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

11.4K
A Computational Method to Quantify Fly Circadian Activity
13:05

A Computational Method to Quantify Fly Circadian Activity

Published on: October 28, 2017

6.3K
Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Biostatistics
  • Laboratory Medicine

Background:

  • Reference interval (RI) calculation methods can yield significantly different results, particularly with small sample sizes.
  • Lack of reliable reference data hinders validation of RI calculation accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of different reference interval calculation methods.
  • To identify the most reliable method for determining reference intervals.

Main Methods:

  • Randomly selected samples from a public database for 33 markers.
  • Calculated RIs using bootstrapping, parametric, and Box-Cox transformed parametric methods.
  • Compared calculated RIs against population reference interval values.

Main Results:

  • Parametric method results were often unavailable or deviated significantly from true values.
  • Box-Cox transformed parametric method showed higher accuracy than bootstrapping for smaller sample sizes (n=60).
  • Both bootstrapping and transformed parametric methods demonstrated comparable accuracy at larger sample sizes (n=120).

Conclusions:

  • Standard parametric methods are not recommended for reference interval calculation.
  • The Box-Cox transformed parametric method is preferable if data meets normality assumptions.
  • Bootstrapping is a reliable alternative when normality tests fail, offering comparable accuracy and precision.