Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Progress in palladium-based catalytic systems for the sustainable synthesis of annulated heterocycles: a focus on
Mélanie Platon1, Régine Amardeil, Laurent Djakovitch
1Université de Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 6302, ICMUB, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France.
Abstract:
A survey highlighting the most recent palladium catalytic systems produced and their performances for progress in direct synthesis of indole backbones by heterocarbocyclization of reactive substrates is provided. The discussion is developed in relation with the principles of sustainable chemistry concerning atom and mass economy. In this respect, the general convergent character of the syntheses is of particular interest (one-pot, domino, cascade or tandem reactions), and the substrates accessibility and reactivity, together with the final waste production, are also important. This critical review clearly indicates that the development of ligand chemistry, mainly phosphines and carbenes, in the last few decades gave a significant impetus to powerful functionalization of indoles at virtually all positions of this ubiquitous backbone (118 references).
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable, the...

