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Related Concept Videos

iChip01:24

iChip

The cultivation of environmental microorganisms has long been hindered by the inability to replicate complex native conditions in vitro. The isolation chip (iChip) addresses this limitation by facilitating the growth of previously uncultivable microorganisms through in situ incubation. Designed for high-throughput microbial cultivation, the iChip comprises hundreds of microchambers, each capable of housing a single microbial cell. These microchambers are loaded with a mixture of molten agar and...
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Dietary Connections01:23

Dietary Connections

In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used as energy sources to produce...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Measurement of Chitinase Activity in Biological Samples
03:32

Measurement of Chitinase Activity in Biological Samples

Published on: August 22, 2019

The chitin connection.

David L Goldman1, Alfin G Vicencio

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. david.goldman@einstein.yu.edu

Mbio
|March 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chitin deacetylase (CDA) is crucial for fungal cell wall integrity and virulence. This study reveals CDA is anchored to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, impacting fungal biology and host immunity.

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Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper
06:36

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper

Published on: February 27, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Measurement of Chitinase Activity in Biological Samples
03:32

Measurement of Chitinase Activity in Biological Samples

Published on: August 22, 2019

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper
06:36

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper

Published on: February 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chitin and chitosan are vital fungal cell wall components.
  • Chitosan is essential for Cryptococcus neoformans virulence.
  • Chitin and chitinases play roles in host defense and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the localization and attachment of chitin deacetylase (CDA).
  • To understand the role of CDA in fungal cell wall biology.
  • To explore the connection between fungal chitin, chitinases, and asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Localization studies of chitin deacetylase (CDA).
  • Investigation of CDA attachment to the cell membrane and wall.
  • Analysis of CDA's glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor.

Main Results:

  • CDA bioactivity is localized to the cell membrane.
  • CDA is covalently linked to the cell membrane via a GPI anchor.
  • This localization enhances understanding of cryptococcal cell wall biology.

Conclusions:

  • CDA's membrane localization is key to its function in chitosan synthesis.
  • Chitin-host interactions involve both innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Fungal infections and induced chitinases may contribute to allergic inflammation, including asthma.