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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
08:07

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Molecular alterations associated with osteosarcoma development.

Kosei Ando1, Kanji Mori, Franck Verrecchia

  • 1INSERM, UMR-S 957, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, France.

Sarcoma
|March 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteosarcoma lung metastasis is the main cause of death, and conventional chemotherapy is ineffective. Understanding molecular metastasis mechanisms can identify new therapeutic targets for improved osteosarcoma treatment outcomes.

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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

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Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models
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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
09:25

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Published on: October 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy.
  • Lung metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in osteosarcoma patients.
  • Current chemotherapy regimens show limited efficacy against osteosarcoma metastases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma metastasis.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma treatment.
  • To discover potential prognostic markers for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on osteosarcoma metastasis.
  • Analysis of molecular alterations involved in tumor progression.
  • Investigation of processes including neovascularization, invasion, and apoptosis resistance.

Main Results:

  • Metastasis involves complex processes like neovascularization, invasion, and apoptosis resistance.
  • Recent research has shed light on the molecular underpinnings of metastasis.
  • Understanding these molecular changes is crucial for therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma metastasis is key.
  • Identification of novel therapeutic targets and prognostic markers is achievable.
  • Improved understanding can lead to better clinical outcomes for osteosarcoma patients.